The Effect of Physical Exercise and Regular Diet on Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Comorbid Cholesterol

Khoirrinda, Syaidatul Min (2025) The Effect of Physical Exercise and Regular Diet on Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Comorbid Cholesterol. Journal La Medihealtico, 6 (6). ISSN ISSN 2721-1231 (Online) and 2721-1215 (Print) (Submitted)

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Abstraksi

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and impaired lipid metabolism. One common comorbidity found in T2DM patients is hypercholesterolemia, which synergistically worsens metabolic status and increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Lifestyle interventions such as a healthy diet and regular physical activity have been shown to help control blood glucose levels, but few studies have explicitly examined the role of cholesterol as a moderating factor in this relationship. This study used a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 98 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cholesterol comorbidities registered at a community health center in region X. The sampling technique used purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Physical Activity Level (PAL) questionnaires, as well as medical record documentation related to fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol levels. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test for the relationship between two categorical variables and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to examine the moderating effect of cholesterol on the relationship between diet and physical exercise with blood glucose levels. The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between diet and blood glucose levels (p = 0.045), as well as between physical exercise and blood glucose levels (p = 0.001). MRA analysis showed that total cholesterol moderated the relationship between diet and blood glucose (β = -0.213; p = 0.034), as well as between physical exercise and blood glucose (β = -0.189; p = 0.048). The addition of interaction variables increased the coefficient of determination from R2 = 0.330 to R2 = 0.412, indicating that the model with moderating variables was more powerful in explaining variations in blood glucose levels. Diet and physical exercise significantly influenced blood glucose levels in T2DM patients, and the effect became stronger when total cholesterol as a comorbidity was also considered. These results underscore the importance of a holistic and risk-based approach to diabetes management, especially in patients with multiple metabolic complications.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diet, Physical Exercise, Total Cholesterol
Subjects:	Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan > D3 Farmasi
Divisions:	Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Depositing User:	Shandy Rahma R, S.IIP
Date Deposited:	29 Aug 2025 02:44
Last Modified:	29 Aug 2025 02:44
URI:	http://repository.umla.ac.id/id/eprint/5949

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